Friday, 22 May 2026

MLKJROBIN11. 12. Mcg

THEORY OF QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 


Are question of the form where the setup complete number is required to assign the numbers are called coefficient of equation root of the quadric was in a complex numbers such that the quantity is known as describing of the equation the roots are given by the formula nature of the roots when the following hold the equation has realistic root 3 find only the equation is a real non imaginary parts if and only if is a roots and only is a road is a perfect square of a rational number then our rational numbers even I rational number then is also a root and the roots are rational number then this must be intejaj satisfied by more than two distinct complex numbers then becomes and I will 
Relation between roots and coefficient apart the roots of the quite question the northern acquired equation is roots are is given by quadratic expression in graph

1) Two non integer roots of the equation
(x²+ 3x)² - (x²+ 3x) -6=0 are
a) (1/2) (-3+ √11), (1/2) (-3- √11)
b)  (1/2) (-3+ √7), (1/2) (-3- √7)
c) (1/2) (-3+ √21), (1/2) (-3- √21) d) none 

2) Two non integer roots of 
{(3x -1)/(2x +3)}⁴ - 5{(3x -1)/(2x +3)}⅖ +4= 0 are 
a) -5/7,-2/5 b) -2/4,7/5  c) 5/7,7/5  d) -2/5, 3/5 

3) Sum of the roots of the equation 
4ˣ - 3. 2ˣ⁺³ + 128=0 are
a) 5 b) 6 c) 7 d) 8

4) The only value of x satisfying the equation is
6√{x/(x +4)} -  2√{(x +4)/x} = 11 where x ∈ R
a) 4/35 b) -4/35 c) 16/3 d) none 

5) The number of real values of x satisfying the equation
2(x²+ 1/x²) - 9(x + 1/x) + 14= 0
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

6)  The non integer roots of x⁴- 3x³- 2x²+ 3x +1= 0 are
a) (1/2)(3+ √13), (1/2)(3 - √13)
b) (1/2)(3- √13), (1/2)(-3 - √13)
c) (1/2)(3+ √17), (1/2)(3 - √17) d) none 

7) The number of real solution of
1/(x +1) + 1/(x +5) = 1/(x +2) + 1/(x +4) is 
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3

8) Number of real solutions of 
(x -1)(x +1)(2x +1)+2x -3)= 15 is
a) 0 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

9) The number of solutions of the equation 
√[2x √(2x +4)]= 4 is
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 4

10) The number of solutions of 
√(3x²+ x +5)= x -3 is 
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 4

11) The number of solutions of 
√(4- x) + √(x +9)= 5 is
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3

12) The number of real solutions of 
√(x²-4x +3) + √(x²-9)= √(4x²- 14x +6) is 
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 4

13) The value of a for which one root of the equation 
(a²- 5a +3)x² + (3a -1)x +2=0 is twice as large as other, is
a) -2/3 b) 1/3 c) -1/3 d) 2/3

14) Eange of the function f(x)= (x²+ x +2)/(x²+ x +1), x ∈ R is 
a) (1, ∞) b) (1,3/2) c) (1,7/3] d) 1,7/5]

15) If f(x)= x²+ 2bx + 2c² and g(x)= - x²- 2cx + b² are such that minimum f(x)> maximum g(x), then relation between b and c, is 
a) no relation b) 0< c<b/2 c) |c|< |b|/√2 d) |c|> √2 |b|

16) if a, b are the roots of x⅖+ px +1= 0, and c, d are the roots of x²+ qx +1= 0, the value of 
E= (a - c)(b - c)(a + d)(b + d) is 
a) p²- q² b) q²- p² c) q² + p²  d) none 

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TRIGONOMETRICAL RATIOS AND IDENTITIES 


SAP- 1

1) 2(sin⁶x + cos⁶x) - 3(sin⁴x+ cos⁴x)+ 1=0

2) 3[sin⁴(3π/2 - x) + sin⁴(3π+ x)] - 2[sin⁶(π/2+ x) + sin⁶(5π- x)] is equal to 
a) 0 b) 1 c) 3 d) sin4x + sin6x e) none 

3) sin⁶x + cos⁶x + 3sin²x cos²x = 1

4) 3(sinx - cosx)⁴ + 6(sinx + cosx)² + 4(sin⁶x + cos⁶x) is independent of x.

5) (sin⁸x - cos⁸x)= (sin²x - cos²x)(1- 2 sin²x cos²x).

6) (3+ cos4x) cos2x= 4(cos⁸x - sin⁸x).

7) If sinx+ cosx= a, then find the values of|sinx - cosx| and cos⁴x + sin⁴x.

8) If sinx + cosecx = 2, then sin²x + cosec²x is equal to 2.     T/F

9) f(x)= cos²x + sec²x≥ 2.         T/F
Or minimum value of f(x) is 2.

10) Given A= sin²x + cos⁴x, then for all real x.
a) 1≤ A≤2 b) 3/4≤A ≤1 c) 13/16 ≤A ≤1 d) 3/4 ≤A ≤ 13/16

11) Let A= sin⁸x + cos¹⁴x, then for all real x
a) A≥ 1 b) 0< A ≤1 c) 1/2< A ≤ 3/2 d) none 

12) If x, y are acute, sinx= 1/2, cos y= 1/3, then (x + y) belong to 
a) (π/3,π/2) b) (π/2,2π/3) c) (2π/3,5π/6) d) (5π/6,π)

13) (tanx + cot x)²= sec²x + cosec²x = sec²x cosec²x.

14) (1+ tan x tan y)² + (tanx - tan y)² = sec²x sec²y.

15) (secx - tan x)/(sec x + tan x)= 1- 2 secx tanx + 2 tan²x.

16) 1/(secx - tan x) - 1/cosx = 1/cosx - 1/(secx + tanx).

17) (secx + tan x -1)(secx - tanx +1) - 2 tan x= 0

18) If (secx + tanx)(sec y + tan y)(sec z + tan z)= (secx - tan x)(sec y - tan y)(sec z - tan z) show that each of the side is equal to ±1.

19) If (1+ sinx)(1+ sin y)(1+ sin z)= (1- sin x)(1- sin y)(1- sin z), show that each side is equal to ± cosx cos y cos z.

20) Let f(x)= sinx (sinx + sin3x). Then f(x).
a) ≥ 0 only when x≥ 0
b) ≤ 0 for all real x
c) ≥0 for all real x
d) ≤ 0 only when x ≤ 0

21) The maximum value of (cosx₁). (cosx₂)......(cosxₙ), under the restriction 0≤ x₁, x₂, .....xₙ≤ π/2 and (cotx₁).(Cotx₂).....(cotxₙ)= 1 is
a) 1/2ⁿ⁾² b) 1/2ⁿ c) 1/2n d) 1

22) √{(1- sinx)/(1+ sinx)}= secx - tan x.

23) √{(1+ cosx)/(1 - cosx)}= cosecx + cotx.

24) If sinx + sin²x= 1, then show that cos¹²x + 3 cos¹⁰x + 3 cos⁸x + cos⁶x -1= 0

25) If sinx+ sin²x + sin³x = 1, then cos⁶x - 4cos⁴x + 8cos²x = _____.

26) sec⁴x (1- sin⁴x) - 2 tan²x = 1.

27) tan²x - sin²x = sin⁴x sec²x= tan²x sin²x.

28) (cotx + tant)/(cot y + tanx)= cotx tan y.

29) (sinx + cosx)(tanx + cotx)= secx + cosecx

30) (cosx cosecx - sinx secx)/(cosx + sinx)= cosecx - secx.

31) (1+ cotx - cosecx)(1+ tanx + secx)= 2

32) (cosecx - sinx)(secx - cosx)(tanx + cotx)= 1

33) (tanx + secx -1)/(tanx - secx +1)= (1+ sinx)/cosx.

34) cot²x(secx -1)/(1+ sinx) = sec²x. (1- sinx)/(1+ secx).

35) (secx +1- tanx)/(tanx - secx +1)= (1+ cosx)/sinx.

36) cosx/(1- tanx) + sinx/(1- cotx)= sinx + cosx.

37) tₙ= sinⁿx + cosⁿx, then (t₃ - t₅)/t₁ = (t₅ - t₇)/t₃.

38) tanx/(1- cotx) + cotx/(1- tanx)= secx cosecx +1.

39) (sinx + cosecx)²+ (cosx + secx)²= tan²x + cot²x +7.

40) (1+ cotx + tanx)(sinx - cosx)= secx/cosec²x  - cosecx/sec²x.

41) (secx - cosecx)(1+ tanx + cotx)= tanx secx - cotx cosecx.

42) {2sinx tanx(1- tanx)+ 2 sinx sec²x}/(1+ tanx)²= 2sinx/(1+ tanx).

43) (tanx + cosec y)²+ (cot y - secx)²= 2 tanx cot y(cosecx + sec y).

44) {(1+ sinx - cosx)/(1+ sinx + cosx)}²= (1- cosx)/(1+ cosx).

45) If 2sinx/(1+ cosx + sinx)= y, then (1- cosx + sinx)/(1+ sinx) is also y.

46) {1/(sec²x - cos²x)  + 1/(cosec²x - sin²x)}. sin²x cos²x = (1- sin²x cos²x)/(2+ sin²x cos²x).

47) (cosecx - secx)(cotx - tanx)= (cosecx + secx)(secx cosecx -2).

48) If tanx+ sinx = m and tanx - sinx = n, then show that m²- n² = 4√(mn).

49) Eliminate x from the relations
a secx = 1- b tan x and a² sec²x = 5+ b² tan²x.

50) If cosecx - sinx = m, secx - cosx = n, eliminate x.

51) If cosecx - sinx = a³, secx - cosx= b³, then a²b²(a² + b²)= 1.

52) If cotx + tanx = a, secx - cosx = b eliminate x.

53) If c cos³x + 3c cosx sin²x = m, c sin³x + 3c cos²x sinx = n, then show that (m + n)²⁾³ + (m - n)²⁾³= 2c²⁾³.

54) If cosx + sinx= √2 cosx, show that cosx - sinx =√2 sinx.

55) If 3 sinx + 5 cosx = 5, show that 5 sinx - 3 cosx = ±3.

56) If a cosx + b sin x = p, a sinx - b cosx = q, show that a² + b² = p² + q².

57) If a cosx - b sin x = c, show that a sinx + b cosx = ±√(a² + b² + c²).

58) If a sinx + b cosx = c, then show that (a - b tanx)/(b + a tanx)= ±√(a² + b² + c²)/c.

59) If tan²x = (1- e²), show that secx + tan³x cosecx = (2- e²)³⁾².

60) If ax/cosθ + by/sinθ = (a²- b²) and (ax sinθ)/cos²θ - (by cosθ)/sin²θ = 0, show that (ax)²⁾³ + (by)²⁾³= (a² - b²)²⁾³.

61) If sinθ = (m² - n²)/(m²+ n²), determine the values of tanθ, secθ, cosecθ.

62) If tanθ = 2x(x+1)/(2x +1), determine sinθ and cosθ.

63) If cosθ = 2x/(1+ x²), find the values of tanθ and cosecθ.

64) If secx = p + 1/4p, then secx + tanx = 2p or 1/p

65) If secθ + tanθ = p, obtain the values of secθ, tanθ, sinθ in terms of p.

66) If cosx/cos y = a, sinx/sin y = b, then (a² - b²)sin²y= a² -1

67) If tanθ = p/q, show that (p sinθ - q cosθ)/(p sinθ + q cosθ) = (p² - q²)/(p² + q²).

68) Is the equation sec²θ= 4xy/(x + y)² possible for real values of x and y ?
If not, then find out a relation between x and y so that it may be possible.

69) If m² + m'² + 2mm' cosθ = 1,
n² + n'² + 2nn' cosθ = 1 and mn + m'n' + (mn' + m'n) cosθ = 0 show that m² + n² = cosec²θ.

SAP-2

1) The value of sin⁶θ + cosθ + 3 sin²θ cos²θ is 
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3

2) The least value of 2sin²θ+ 3 cos²θ is 
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 5

3) The greatest value of sin⁴θ + cosθ is 
a) 1/2 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3

4) The value of sin²θ cos²θ(sec²θ+ cosec²θ) is 
a) 2 b) 4 c) 1 d) 0

5) If sinθ + cosecθ = 2, then sin²θ + cosec²θ is equal to 
a) 1 b) 4 c) 2 d) none 

6) For how many values of x between 0 and 2π is the equation 
2cosec2x cotx - cot²x = 1 valid ?
a) 0 b) 2 c) 1 d) none 

7) Incorrect statement is 
a) sinθ= -1/5 b) cosθ= 1 c) secθ= 1/2 d) tanθ= 20


TRUE OR FALSE 

8) sec²θ= 4xy/(x + y)² is true if and only if
a) x+ y≠ 0 b) x= y, x≠ 0 c) x= y d) x≠ 0, y≠ 0

9) If x= a cos²θ sinθ and y= a sin²θ cosθ, then (x² + y²)³/(x²y²( is independent of θ.

10) The inequality ₂sin²θ + ₂cos²θ≥ 2√2 holds for all real θ.

11) The equation sinθ = x + 1/x holds true for all real θ.


FILL IN THE BLANK 

12) The least value of tan²θ + cot²θ is _____

13) The value of sinθ cosθ(tanθ + cotθ) is ____

14) If for real x, the equation x+ 1/x = 2 cosθ holds, then cosθ= ____

15) If cosecθ - cotθ = q, then the value of cosecθ = _____









Trigonometry full. 12 mix

SAP-1

1) cos(540° - θ) - sin(630- θ) is equal to 
a) 0 b) 2 cosθ c) 2 sinθ d) sinθ - cosθ

2) 2sec²x - sec⁴x -2 cosec²x + cosec⁴x = 15/4 if tanx is equal to 
a) 1/√2 b) 1/2 c) 1/2√2 d) 1/4

3) If 2 sinθ/(1+ cosθ + sinθ)= x, then cosθ/(1+ sinθ) is equal to 
a) 1/x b) x c) 1+ x d) 1- x

4) If cosx = (2 cos y -1)/(2- cos y) (0< x, y<π), x+ y=π then tan(x/2) is 
a) ⁴√3 b) √3 c) 3 d) 3²

5) If tan25°= x, then (tan155° - tan 115°)/(1+ tan155° tan115°) is equal to 
a) (1- x²)/2x b) (1+ x²)/2x c) (1+ x²)/(1- x²) d) (1- x²)/(1+ x²)

6) If sinx + cos y= a and cosx + sin y= b, then tan{(x - y)/2} is equal to 
a) a+ b b) a- b c) (a+ b)/(a - b) d) (a - b)/(a+ b)

7) The value of the determinant
Sin²13    sin²77      tan135
Sin²77    tan135     sin²13
Tan135   sin²13      sin²77 is equal to 
a) -1 b) 0 c) 1 d) 2

8) If A= 130° and x= sinA+ cosA, then
a) apx> 0 b) x < 0 c) x = 0 d) x ≥ 0

9) If tan²36° + k(sin18°+ cos36°)= 5, then the value of k is 
a) 2 b) 2√5 c) 4 d) 4√5

10) sin3θ/cos2θ< 0 if θ lies in 
a) +13π/48, 14π/48)
b) (14π/48,18π/48)
c) 18π/48,23π/48)
d) any of these intervals

11) If cosx + cos y= a, sin x + sin y= b and k is the arithmetic mean between x and y then sin2k + cos2k is equal to 
a) (a+ b)²/(a²+ b²)
b) (a - b)²/(a²+ b²)
c) (a²- b²)/(a²+ b²).  d) none 

12) If (sinx)/a= (cosx)/b= (tanx)/c= k, then bc + 1/ck + ak/(1+ bk) is 
a) k(a + 1/a) b) (1/k)(a + 1/a) c) 1/k² d) a/k

13) sin²x + cos²(x + y)+ 2 sinx sin y cos(x + y) is independent of 
a) x b) y c) both x and y d) none 

14) If uₙ = sin nθ secθ, vₙ = cos nθ secθ, n≠ 1, θ≠ pπ, n, p∈I, 
then (vₙ - vₙ₋₁)/uₙ₋₁ + 1uₙ/nvₙ= 0 for 
a) all values of n
b) finite numbers of values of n
c) infinite number of values of n
d) no values of n

15) If 1/cosx cos y    + tanx tan y= tan z, 0< x, y< π then 1- tan²z< 0 for 
a) all values of x and y 
b) no values of x and y 
c) finite number of values of x and y 
d) infinite number of values of x and y.

16) tan203° + tan22°+ tan203°+ tan22°= 
a) -1 b) 0 c) 1 d) 2

17) If sin32°= k and cosx = 1- 2k²; α, β are the values of x between 0° and 360° with α< β, then 
a) α+β= 180 b) β - α = 200 c) β= 4α + 40 d) β = 5α - 20

18) The minimum value of 27 tan²θ+ 3 cot²θ is 
a) 9 b) 18 c) 27 d) 30

19) The value of sin12 sin48 sin54 is 
a) sin30 b) sin²30 c) sin³30 d) cos³30

20) tan⁶(π/9) - 33 tan⁴(π/9)+ 27 tan²(π/9)=
a) tan(π/3) b) tan²(π/3) c) tan(π/6) d) tan²(π/6)

21) if 3 sin y = sin(2x + y), then tan(x + y)- 2 tan x is
a) independent of x
b) independent of y
c) independent of both x and y 
d) independent of none of them 

22) Let n be a fixed positive integer such that sin(π/2n)+ cos(π/2n)=√n/2 then 
a) n< 4 b) n> 8 c) n= 6 d) none 

23) If A= sin²θ + cos⁴θ, then for all values of θ
a) 1≤ A ≤ 2 b) 3/4 ≤ A ≤ 1 c) 13/16≤ A ≤ 1 d) 3/4≤ A ≤ 13/16

24) If a= cosφ cosψ + sinφ sinψ cosδ
          b= cosφ sinψ - sinφcosψ cosδ and 
          c= sinφ sinδ, then a²+ b²+ c²=
a) -1 b) 0 c) 1 d) none 

25)  In a triangle ABC, BP is drawn perpendicular to BC to meet CA in P, such that CA= AP, then BP/AB=
a) 2 sinA b) 2 sinB c) 2 sinC d) none 

26) If x+y = z, then cos²x + cos² y + cos²z - 2 cosx cos y cos z is equal to 
a) cos²z b) sin²z c) 0 d) 1

27) If sin2θ= k, then the value of tan³θ/(1+ tan²θ) + cot³θ/(1+ cot²θ) is equal to 
a) (1- k²)/k b) (2- k²)/2 c) k²+1 d) 2- k²

28) If sin²A = x, then sinA sin2A sin3A sin4A is a polynomial in x, the sum of whose coefficients is
a) 0 b) 40 c) 168 d) 336

29) If sinA/sinB =√3/2 and cosA/cosB=√5/2, 0< A, B <π/2, then tanA+ tanB is equal to 
a) √3/√5 b) √5/√3 c) 1 d) (√3+√5)/√5

30) If cosθ= cosx cos y, then tan{(θ+ x)/2} tan{(θ- x)/2} is equal to 
a) tan²(x/2) b) tan²(y/2) c) tan²(θ/2) d) cot²(y/2)

31) If α, β, γ, δ are the smallest positive angles in ascending order of magnitude which have their sines equal to the positive quantity k, then the value of 4 sin(α/2)+ 3 sin(β/2)+ 2 sin(γ/2) + sin(δ/2) is equal to 
a) 2√(1- k) b) 2√(1+ k) c) 2√k d) none 

32) The equation a sinx + b cosx = c, where|c|> √(a²+ b²) has
a) a unique solution 
b) infinite number of solutions 
c) no solution d) none 

33) If cotx equals to the integral solution of the inequality 4x²- 16x +15< 0 and sin y equals to the slope of the bisector of the first quadrant, then sin(x + y) sin(x - y) is equal to 
a) -3/5 b) -4/5 c) 2/√5 d) 3

34) The value of cos(2π/7) + cos(4π/7)+ cos(6π/7) + cos(7π/7) is 
a) 1 b) -1 c) 1/2 d) -3/2

35) The greatest value of f(x)= 2 sinx + sin2x on [0,3π/2], is given by 
a) 9/2 b) 5/2 c) 3√3/2 d) 3/2

36) If x= a cos³θ sin²θ, y= a sin³θ cos²θ and (x²+ y²)ᵖ/(xy)ᑫ, (p,q ∈N) is independent of θ, then 
a) 4p= 5q b) 4q= 5p c) p+ q= 9 d) pq= 20

37) If (a - b) sin(x + y)= (a+ b) sin(x - y) and a tan(x/2) - b tan(y/2)= c, then the value of sin y is equal to 
a) 2ab/(a²- b²- c²) b) 2bc/(a²- b²- c²) c) 2bc/(a²- b²+ c²) d) 2ab/(a²- b²+ c²)

38) If (cosx - cos y)/(cosx - cos z)=( sin²y cos z)/(sin²z cos y) then cosx is equal to 
a) (cos y - cos z)/(1+ cos y cos z)
b)  (cos y - cos z)/(1- cos y cos z)
c)  (cos y + cos z)/(1+ cos y cos z) d) none 

39) If 0< x, y<π and cosx+ cos y - cos(x + y)= 3/2 then sinx + cos y is equal to 
a) 0 b) 1 c) (√3+1)/2 d) √3

40) If sinθ, cosθ, tanθ are in GP, then cos⁹θ+ cos⁶θ+ 3 cos⁵θ-1 is equal to 
a) -1 b) 0 c) 1 d) none 

41) If sinα, sinβ , sinγ are in AP and cosα, cosβ, cosγ are in GP then (cos²α+ cos²γ - 4 cosα cosγ)/(1- sinα sinγ).
a) -2 b) -1 c) 0 d) 2

42) If cosα + cosβ = a and sinα + sinβ = b and α - β = 2θ, then cos3θ/cosθ=
a) a²+ b²-2 b) a²+ b²-3 c) 3- a²- b² d) (a²+ b²)/4

43)  If cosA= 3/4, then the value of 16 cos²(A/2) - 32 sin(A/2) sin(5A/2) is 
a) -4 b) -3 c) 3 d) 4

44) If D= 1       cosθ        1
              -sinθ    1       -cosθ
               -1      sinθ           1 
Then D lies in the interval 
a) [0,4] b) [2,4] c) [2-√2, 2+√2] d) [-2,2]

45) The value of θ lying between θ= 0 and θ= π/2 and satisfying the equation of determinant 
1+ sin²θ      cos²θ      4 sin4θ
  sin²θ      1+ cos²θ    4sin4θ   =0
  sin²θ          cos²θ   1+ 4sin4θ
is
a) 3π/24 b) 5π/24 c) 11π/24 d) π/24

46) If x= sin³p/cos²p , y= cos³p/sin²p; and sin p+ cos p= 1/2, then x + y=
a) 75/18 b) 44/9 c) 79/18 d) 48/9

47) If sinθ+ cosecθ= 2, then sinⁿθ+ cosecθ= 
a) 2ⁿ b) 2⁻ⁿ c) 2 d) 2n

48) If a cosA - b sinA = c, then a sinA + b cosA is equal to 
a) ±√(a²+ b²- c²) b) ±√(apb²+ c²- a²) c) ±√(c²+ a²- b²) d) ±√(a²+ b² + c²)

49) The general solution of the trigonometrical equation sinx + cosx = 1 is
a) x= 2nπ, n∈ I 
b) x= 2nπ +π/2, n∈ I 
c)  px= nπ + (-1)ⁿπ/4, -π/4, n∈ I  d) none 

50) The value of x between 0 and 2π which satisfy the equation sinx √(8cos²x)= 1 are in AP. The common difference of the AP is
a) π/8 b) π/4 c) 3π/8 d) 5π/8

51) Number of solutions of the equations tanx + secx = 2 cosx lying in the interval [0,2π] is 
a) 0123

52) The number of all possible triplets (a₁, a₂, a₃) such that a₁+ a₂ cos2x + a₃ sin²x= 0 for all x is 
a) 0 b) 1 c) 3 d)  infinite 

53) If tan(cotx)= cot(tanx), then the value of sin2x is
a) π/4 
b) 4/(2n -1)π, n∈I - {-1,0}
c) 2/π
d) 4/(2n +1)π, n∈I , n> 7

54) sinx + 2 sin2x = 3+ sin3x, 0≤ x≤ 2π has
a) 2 solutions in I quadrant 
b) one solutions in II quadrant
c) no solutions in  any quadrant
d) one solutions in each quadrant

55)  Let f(x)= (sin²θ)x² + (cos²θ)x + cos²θ, f(x)= 0 has no real roots, then cos²θ can be 
a) 3/4 b) 1/4 c) 1/8 d) 1/16

56) The equation (cosp - 1)x² + (cos p)x + sin p= 0 where x is a variable, has real roots if p lies in the interval 
a) (0,2π) b) (-π,0) c) (-π/2,π/2) d) (0,π)

57) The set of values of x for which 
(tan3x - tan2x)/(1+ tan3x tan2x)= 1 is
a) φ b) {π/4} c) {nπ+π/4, n= 1,2,3...} 
d) {2nπ +π/4, n= 1,2,3....}

58) The general solution of the equation 
(1+ sinx+....+(-1)ⁿ sinⁿx +...)/(1+ sinx+ ....+ sinⁿx+....)= (1- cos2x)/(1+ cos2x), x≠(2x +1)π/2, n∈ U is
a) (-1)ⁿ(π/3)+ nπ
b) (-1)ⁿ(π/6)+ nπ
c) (-1)ⁿ⁺¹(π/6)+ nπ
d) (-1)ⁿ⁻¹(π/3)+ nπ, (n∈I)

59) The number of solutions of the equation 
sin⁵x - cos⁵x = 1/cosx - 1/sinx (dinx≠ cosx) is 
a) 0 b) 1 c) infinite d) none 

60) General solution of the equation log₂ sinx - log₂cosx - log₂(1- tanx) - log₂(1+ tanx)+ 1=0 is
a) (2n+1)π/8 b) (16n+1)π/8 c) (2n+1)π/4 d) none 

61) The smallest positive root of the equation tanx - x = 0 lies in 
a) I quadrant b) II quadrant c) III quadrant IV quadrant 

62) If sin⁴x + cos⁴y +2= 4 sinx cos y, 0≤x, y ≤π/2 then sinx + cos y=
a) - 2 b) 0 c) 2 d) none 

63) tan(pπ/4)= cot(qπ/4) if
a) p+ q = 0 b) p+ q= 2n +1 c) p+ q = 2n d) p+ q= 2(2n+1)

64) If sinx = cos y, √6 sin y = tan z and 2 sin z = √3 cosx; u, v, w denotes respectively sin⅖x, sin²y , sin²z then the value of the triplet(u,v,w) is 
a) (1,00) b) (0,1,0) c) (1/2,1/2,3/4) d) (1/2,3/4,1/2)

65) A solution (x,y) of the system of equation x - y = 1/3 and cos²(πx) - sin²(πy)= 1/2 is given by 
a) (2/3,1/3) b) (7/6,1/6) c) (13/6,11/6) d) (1/6,5/6)

66) If x+ y + z= π, tanx tan y = 2, tanx + tany + tan z= 6, then the value of z is 
a) nπ+π/4, n∈ I b) nπ + tan⁻¹2, n ∈ I c) nπ + tan⁻¹3, n ∈ I d) none 

67) cos2x - 3 cosx +1= 1/{(cot2x - cotx) sin(x -π)} holds.
a) if cosx = 0 b) if cosx = 1 c) if cosx= 2/5 d) for no real value of x.

68) cos(x - y) - 2 sinx + 2 sin y= 3 if
a) sinx= sin y
b) x+ y= 2nπ, (x - y)= (2km-1)π/2
c) x= 2kπ -π/2, y= 2nπ +π/2
d) cos(x - y)= -1 (n,k∈ I )

69) The equation 8 cosx cos2x cos4x = sin6x/sinx has a solution given by 
a) x= nπ b) x= nπ+π/4 c) x= (2n +1)π/14 d) x= (2n +1)π/7 (n ∈ I )

70) cos3θ/(2 cos2θ -1)= 1/2 if
a) θ= nπ+π/3 b) θ= 2nπ± π/3 c) θ= 2nπ± π/6 d) θ= nπ+π/6

71) If 6 cos2θ + 2 cos²(θ/2)+ 2 sin²θ= 0, -π<θ < π, then θ is equal to 
a) π/3 b) π/3, cos⁻¹(3/5) c) cos⁻¹(3/5)  d) π/3, π - cos⁻¹(3/5) 

72) The number of integral values of a for which the equation cos2x + a sinx = 2a -7 possesses solution is 
a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5

73) The least difference between the roots of the equation 4 cosx (2- 3 sin²x)+ (cos2x +1)= 0 (0≤ x≤π/2) is 
a) π/6 b) π/4 c) π/3 d) π/2

74) The equation cos⁴x - (a+ 2) cos²x - (a +3)= 0 possesses a solution 
a) a>-3 b) a< -2 c) -3≤ a ≤ -2 d) a is any positive integer 

75) The solution of |cosx|= cosx -2 sinx is
a) x= nπ b) x= nπ+π/4 c) x= nπ+(-1)ⁿ(π/4) d) x= (2n +1)π+π/4




1a 2a 3d 4a 5a 6d 7b 8a 9c 10a 11d 12b 13a 14d 15a 16c 17c 18b 19c 20b 21c 22c 23b 24c 25c 26d 27b 28a 29d 30b 31b 32c 33b 34d 35c 36a 37b 38c 39c 40b 41a 42b 43c 44c 45c 46c 47c 48a 49c 50b 51c 52d 53b 54c 55a 56d 57a 58b 59a 60b 61c 62c 63d 64a 65c 66c 67d 68c 69c 70b 71d 72d 73a 74c 75d



SAP-2


1) If 2 tanx + cot y = tan y, then the value of tan(y - x) is 
a) tanx b) cotx c) tan y d) cot y

2) If cos(x - y)= a cos(x + y), then cotx cot y is equal to 
a) (a-1)/(a+1) b) (a+1)/(a-1) c) (a-1) d) (a+1)

3) sin²A + sin²(A+ B)+ 2 sinA cosB sin(B-A) is equal to 
a) sin²A b) sin²B c) cos²A d) cos²B

4) If 3 sin2θ/(5+ 4 cos2θ)= 1, then the value of tanθ is equal to 
a) 1 b) 1/3 c) 3 d) none 

5) If x= a sec³θ tanθ, y= b tan³θ secθ, then sin²θ is equal to 
a) x/a - y/b b) x/a + y/b  c) xy/ab d) ay/bx

6) cotθ - cot3θ is equal to 
a) 2 sinθ sin3θ
b) 2 cosθ cos3θ
c) 2 cosθ cosec3θ
d) 2 sinθ cosec3θ

7) If 0<x, y < 2π, the number of solutions of the system of equations sinx sin y = 3/4 and cosx cos y = 1/4 is
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) infinite 

8) If A and B be acute positive angles satisfying 3 sin²A+ 2 sin²B= 1, 3 sin2A - 2 sin2B = 0 then 
a) B=π/4 - A/2 b) A =π/4 - 2B c) B=π/2 - A/4 d) A =π/4 - B/2 

9) If tan x, tan y , tan zare the roots of the equation x³- px² - r= 0, then the value of (1+ tan²x)(1+ tan²y)(1+ tan²z) is equal to 
a) (p - r)²  b) 1+ (p -r)² c) 1-  (p -r)²  d) none 

10) If A, B, C are the angles of triangle such that angle A is obtuse then
a) tanA tanB< 1
b) tanB tanC < 1
c) tanA tanC< 1
d) tanA tanB tanC< 1

11) If tan(x/2)= cosecx - sinx, then cos²(x/2) is equal to 
a) sin18 b) cos36 c) sin36 d) cos18

12) If a sin²x + b cos²x = a cos²y + b sin²y= 1 and a tanx= b tany(a≠ b) then
a) a+ b= 2ab b) a- b= 2ab c) a - b+ 2ab = 0 d) a + b+ 2ab = 0

13) The acute angle of a rhombus whose side is a mean proportional between its diagonals is 
a) 15 b) 20 c) 30 d) 80

14) Given the height h and the angle bisector l drawn from the vertex of the right angle of a triangle, then cosine of an acute angle of the triangle is given by 
a) (h+ √(l²- h²))/√2h
b) (h - √(l²- h²))/√2h
c) h/l d) (h - √(l²- h²))/√2l

15) If 2 sin²(x +π/4)+ √3 cos2x > 0, then 
a) cos(2x -π/6)> -1/2
b) sin(2x -π/6)<  -1/2
c) sin(2x -π/6)> -1/2
d) cos(2x -π/6)< -1/2

16) The equation sin⁴x + cos⁴x = a has a real solution if
a) 0< a≤ 1 b) 1/2≤ a≤1 c) 1/4≤ a≤1/2 c) -1≤ a≤1

17) x= ∞ₙ₌₀∑ cos²ⁿx, y= ∞ₙ₌₀∑ sin²ⁿx, z= x= ∞ₙ₌₀∑ cos²ⁿx sin²ⁿ2x, |cosx|< 1, |sinx|< 1 then x+ y+ z is equal to 
a) xy b) yz c) zx d) xyz

18) For n∈ I, the line x= nπ+ π/2 does not intersect the graph of 
a) cot(x+π) b) cos(x+π) c) sinx d) tanx

19) The least positive value of x satisfying (sin²2x + 4 sin⁴x - 4 sin²x cos²x)/(4- sin²2x - 4 sin²x)= 1/9 is
a) π/3 b) π/6 c) 2π/3 d) 5π/6

20) In a triangle ABC right angled at C, sin²A/sin²B  - cos²A/cos²B is equal to 
a) (a²- b²)c²/a²b²
b) (a⁴ + b⁴)/a²b²
c) (b²- c²)a²/b²c²
d) (c²- a²)b²/c²a²

21) If (tanx)/2= (tany)/3= (tanz)/5 and x+ y+z=π, then the value of tan²x + tan²y + tan²z is 
a) 38/3 b) 38 c) 114 d) none 

22) If the angles A, B, C of a triangle are in AP such that sin(2A + B)= 1/2 then sin(B+ 2C)= 
a) -1/2 b) 1/2 c) √3/2 d) 1/√2

23) cos7.5°=
a) √{(2+√2+√6)/8}
b) √{(4+√2+√6)/8}
c)(2√2+√3+1)/2√2
d) √{(4+√2+√6)/4}

24) If tanx+ tan y= a, cotx + cot y= b, x - y = m (≠0) then 
a) ab<4 ab=4 c) ab>4 d) ab= 0

25) If x/y= cosA/cosB then (x tanA + y tanB)/(x + y)=
a) (sinA+ cosB)/(cosA+ sinB)
b) (sinA+ sinB)/(cosAcosB)
c) tan{(A+ B)/2}
d) cot{(A- B)/2}

26) If x= a(cosθ+ θ sinθ), y= a(sinθ - θ cosθ) then aθ=
a) x+ y= a b) √(x²+ y²- a²) c)  √(x²& y²+a²) d) x - y + a

27) (1+ cos(π/8))(1+ cos(3π/8))(1+ cos(5π/8))(1+ cos(7π/8))=
a) 1/2 b) cos(π/8) c) 1/8 d) (1+√2)/2√2

28) If 2 cosx + 2 cos3x= cos y, 2 sinx + 2 sin3x= sin y then the value of cos2x is
a) -7/8 b) 1/8 c) -1/8 d) 7/8

29) (cosA)/3= (cosB)/4= 1/5, -π/2< 0, 0<B<π/2, then 3sunA + 4 sinB=
a) 0 b) -1 c) 24/5 d) 1

30) The value of log₃tan1° + log₃tan2°+.....+ log₃tan89° is 
a) 3 b) 1 c) 2 d) 0

31) If x= X cosθ - Y sinθ, y= X sinθ+ Y cosθ and ax²+ 2bxy + cy²= AX²+ 2HXY+ BY², then 
a) H= 0 if θ= 0 b) H= 0 if θ= π/2 c) A+ B= a+ c d) H= c - a if θ= π/4

32) If tan²((π/2) - θ)/sec²θ. Cot²θ/sec((π/2- θ)). sin((π/2- θ)/sin⁴θ= cotⁿθ then n=
a) 2 b) 4 c) 6 d) 8

33) If sin5θ= a sin⁵θ+ b sin³θ+ c sinθ+ d, then 
a) a+ b+ c=0
b) a+ b+ c + d=0
c) 5a+ 3b - 4c=0
d) a- 3c+ d=0

34) The number of solutions of 
Sinθ+ 2Sin2θ+ 3Sin3θ+ 4Sin4θ= 10, 0<θ<π is
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 4

35) If tanA - tanB= x and cotB - cotA= y, then the value of cot(A - B) is 
a) (x - y)/xy b) 1/x²+ 1/y² c) (x+y)/xy d) xy

36) cos3θ/cos³θ +   sin3θ/Sin³θ is equal to 
a) 3cos2θcosecθ 
b) 3cot2θ/Sec2θ 
c) 12 cot2θcosec2θ 
d) 12 tan2θSec2θ 

37) (x tanθ + y cotθ) (x cotθ+ y tanθ) - 4xy cos²θ=
a) x²+ y² b) 4xy c) (x + y)² d) none

38) cos11- cos2x is 
a) a positive integer 
b) a negative integer 
c) a positive rational number 
d) a negative rational number 

39) If sinA, cosA and tanA are in GP., then cot⁶A - cot²=
a) -1 b) 0 c) 1 d) none 

40) If tanA tanB, tanC satisfy the equation 3tan³θ - 4 tan²θ+ 3 tanθ +1=0, then A+ B+ C=
a) 0 b) π/2 c) 3π/4 d) 2π

41) if x sinθ +  ysin2θ+ z sinSin3θ = sin4θ, (θ≠ nπ) then 8 cos³θ - 4z cos²θ - 2(y +2) cosθ  is equal to 
a) x - y b) x - z c) y - z d) none 

42) The number of values of sinx satisfying sin5x= 5 sinx is
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3

43) If sinx, sin y are the roots of the equation 
a sin²θ+ b sinθ + + c= 0 and sinx + 2 sin y= 1 then a²+ 2b²+ 3ab + ac=
a) -1 b) 0 c) 1 d) a+ b+ c

44) If sin(θ/2)= a, cos(θ/2)= b, then 
(1+ sinθ)(3 sinθ +   4cosθ+5)=
a) (a+ b)²(a+ 3b)²
b) (a+ b)²(3a+ b)²
c) (a- b)²(a- 3b)²
d) (a- b)²(3a- b)²

45) if cosx - Sinx = 1/2, then tan2x=
a) √7/3 b) √7/4 c) 3/√7 d) 2/√7

46) Which of the following gives the least value of A 
a) cos2A= sin3A
b) cos3A= sin7A
c) tanA= cot3A
d) cotA= tan2A

47) If A, B, C are acute positive angles such that A+ B + C=π and cotA cotB cotC = k, then 
a) k≥3 b) k≤ 1/3√3  c) k≤√3 d) k≤ 1/3√3

48) If sinA= sinB and cosA= cosB; A≠ B, then 
a) tan{(A- B)/2}= 0
b) cos(A+ B)= 1
c) tan{(A+ B)/2}= 0
d) sin(A- B)= 1/2

49) cos22+ cos78+ cos 80=
a) 4 sin11 sin39 sin40
b) 1+ 4 cos11 cos39 cos40
c) 1+ 4 sin11 sin39 sin40
d) 4 cos11 cos39 cos40

50) tanx + (1/2) tan(x/2)+ (1/2²) tan(x/2²) + .....+ (1/2ⁿ⁻¹) Tan(x/2ⁿ⁻¹) is equal to 
a) 1/2ⁿ cot(x/2ⁿ) - 2 cot2x
b) (1/2ⁿ⁻¹) cot(x/2ⁿ⁻¹) - 2 cot2x
c) tan{(2ⁿ -1)x/2ⁿ⁻¹}
d) 2 cot2x - (1/2ⁿ⁻¹) cot(x/2ⁿ⁻¹)

51) If 4nx=π, then the value of tanx tan2x tan3x.....tan(2n -1)x is 
a) -1 b) 0 c) 1 d) none 

52) The value of 
(3+ cot76 cot16)/(Cot76+ cot16) is
a) cot44 b) cot46 c) tan2 d) cot92

53) If x cosθ= y cos(θ+ 2π/3)= z cos(θ+ 4π/3) then xy+ yz + zx=
a) cos²θ b) sin²θ c) 1 d) 0

54) If A> 0, B> 0 and A+ B =π/3 then the maximum value of tanA tanB is
a) 1/√3 b) 1/3 c) √3 d) 3

55) If tanθ, 2 tanθ+2, 3 tanθ+ 3 are in GP, then the value of 
(7- 5 cotθ)/(9- 4√(sec²θ-1)) is
a) 12/5 b) -33/28 c) 33/100 d) 12/13

56) If sinθ+ cosθ= a and cosθ- sinθ= b , then sinθ(sinθ - cosθ)+ sin²θ(sin²- cos²θ)+ sin³θ(sin³θ - cos³θ)+ ....is equal to 
a)  (1- ab)/(1+ ab)
b) (1- a²/(3- a²)
c) (1- ab)/(1+ ab) +  (1- a²/(3- a²)
d) (1+ ab)/(1- ab) + (a²-1)/(3- a²)

57) If x> 0 and the determinant
x        sinθ         cosθ
- sinθ   x.             1 = 0 then
cosθ    1.             x
x<√2 b) x=√2 c) x>√2  d) none 

58) If x₁, x₂, x₃,.....xₙ are in AP whose common difference is θ, then the value of sinθ(secx₁. secx₂+ secx₂ secx₃+....secxₙ₋₁ secxₙ) is 
a) sin nθ/(cosx₁ cosxₙ)
b) sin(n -1)θ/cosx₁ cosxₙ
c) sin nθ cosx₁ cosxₙ 
d) cos(n -1)θ/sinx₁sinxₙ

59) If xₙ₊₁ = √(1/2) (1+ xₙ), then cos[√(1- x₀²)/(x₁x₂x₃....to infinite)] (-1< x₀< 1) is equal to 
a) -1 b) 1 c) x₀ d) 1/x₀

60) If (1+ √(1+ x) tanθ= (1- √(1- x)) then x=
a) sinθ b) sin2θ c) sin4θ d) cos4θ

61) If f(θ)= sinθ(sinθ+ sin3θ), then f(θ)
a) ≥ only when θ≥ 0
b) ≤ 0 for all real θ
c) ≥ 0 for all real θ
d) ≤ 0 only when θ≤ 0

62) In a right angled triangle, the hypotenuse is 2√2 times the length of the perpendicular drawn from the opposite vertex in its hypotenuse then the other two angles are
a) π/3 , π/6 b) π/4,π/4 c) π/8, 3π/8 d) π/2, 5π/12

63) √cos2x + √(1+ sin2x)= √(sinx + cosx) if 
a) sinx+ cosx= 1 
b) x=2nπ
c) x= nπ+π/4
d) sinx - cosx= 0

64) If cot(π/3) cos(2πx)=√3, the general solution of the equation 
a) 2nπ± π/3 b) n±1/3 c) n±1/6 d) n±1/2 

65) 2 cos²x + 4 cosx = 3 sin²x if
a) cosx= (-2+√14)/5 
b) cosx= (-2+√19)/5 
c) sinx= (-2+√14)/5 
d) sinx= (-2+√19)/5 

66) sinx + 2 sin2x= 3+ sin3x
a) if sinx + cos2x= 0
b) if sin2x -1=0
c) If cosx= 0
d) for no real value of x 

67) 6 tan²x - 2 cos²x= cos2x if
a) cos2x= -1 b) cos2x= 1 c) cos3x = -1/2 d) cos2x = 1/2

68) The greatest value of cosθ for which cos5θ= 0 is
a) 0 b) (1+√5)/4 c) √{(5+√5)/8} d) √{(√5+1)/4}

69) If tanpθ= tan qθ, then the values of θ form an AP with common difference 
a) π/(p+ q) b) π/p c) π/q d) π/(p - q)

70) The number of pairs (x, y) satisfying the equation sinx + sin y= sin(x + y) and|x|+ |y|= 1 is
a) 2 b) 4 c) 6 d) infinite 

71) The equation ˣ₀∫ (t²- 8t +13) dy= x sin(a/x) has a solution if sin(a/6)=
a) 0 b) 1 c) 3 d) 6

72) The smallest positive root of the equation √sin(1- x)= √cosx is 
a) 1/2+ π/4 b) 1/2+ 3π/4 c) 1/2+ 5π/4 d) 1/2+ 7π/4 

73) The sum of the roots of the equation 
a) 4 cos³x - 4 cos²x - cos(π+ x) - 1= 0 in the interval [0,315] is pπ, where p is equal to 
a) 2500 b) 2550 c) 2600 d) 2651

74) A solution (x,y) of x²+ 2x sinxy +1= 0 is
a) (1,0) b) (1,7π/2) c) (-1,7π/2) d) (-1,0)

75) eˢᶦⁿˣ - e⁻ˢᶦⁿˣ= 4 for 
a) all real values of x 
b) some x∈ [0,π/2]
c) some x ∈ (-π/2,π/2)
d) some x ∈ (-π/2,π/2)

1d 2b 3b 4c 5d 6c 7c 8a 9b 10b 11b 12a 13c 14d 15a 16b 17d 18d 19b 20a 21a 22a 23b 24c 25c 26b 27c 28a 29a 30d 31c 32d 33c 34a 35c 36c 37c 38d 39c 40b 41b 42b 43b 44a 45c 46b 47b 48a 49c 50b 51c 52a 53d 54b 55c 56c 57d 58b 59c 60c 61c 62c 63b 64c 65b 66d 67d 68c 69d 70c 71b 72d 73b 74b 74d



θ

3D

1) Show that the direction cosines of the straight line 
x+ y - z+1= 0, 4x+ y - 2z+2 = 0 are (±1/√14, ±2/√14, ±3/√14).

2) Show that the equation of the straight line through the point (3,4,5) which is equally inclined to the axes are x- 3= y -4= z -5..

3) a) Find the equations of the straight lines passing through the points 
i) (3,-9,4) and (-9,5,-4).      (x+9)/6= (y -5)/-7= (z +4)/4
ii) (-7,5,3) and (2,6,8).        (x+7)/9 = (y -5)/1 = (z -8)/5

b) Show that the equation of the median AD of the triangle whose vertices are A(3,4,8), B(1,-6,2), C(1,4,-2) are
(x-3)/2 = (y -4)/5 = (z -7)/8

4a) Show that the three points (-1,5,3),(5,1,5) and (8,-1,6) are collinear.

b) Show that the straight line through the points (a,b,c) and (a', b', c') passes through the origin, if aa' + bb' + cc' = pp' where p and p' are the distances of the points from the origin.

5) Put the equations of the straight lines in symmetrical form as given by 
a) x + 5y - z -7= 0, 2x - 5y + 3z +1= 0.     (x-2)/2 = (y -1)/-1 = z/-3

b) x + y + z +1 = 0, 4x + y - 2z + 2= 0.     (x+1/3)/1 = (y+ 2/3)/-2 = z/1

6) a) Find the image of the point 
i) (1,-2,3) in the plane 2x - 3y + 2z +3= 0.         (-3,4,-1)

ii) (1,3,4) in the plane 2x - y + z +3= 0.          (-3,5,2)

b) Find the image of the straight line 
(x -1)/3 = (y -3)/5 = (z -4)/2 in the plane 2x - y + z+3= 0

7) a) Find the equations of the straight line through the point (α, β, γ) which is 
i) parallel to the z-axis.        (x - α)/0 = (y- β)/0 = (z -γ)/1
ii) Perpendicular to the z-axis.        (x - α)/l = (y- β)/m = (z -γ)/0

b) Find the equations of the straight line passing through the point (1,2,3) and parallel to the straight line.
i) x/2= y/4= z/3.      (x - 1)/2 = (y- 2)/4 = (z -3)/3
ii) x - y + 2z - 5= 0= 3x + y + z = 6.           (x - 1)/-3 = (y- 2)/5 = (z -3)/4

c) Find the equations of the straight line through the point (1,2,3) and parallel to the straight line joining the points (-4,7,2) and (5,-3,-2).      (x - 1)/-9 = (y- 2)/10 = (z -3)/4

d) Find the equations of the straight line through the point (8,9,10) and perpendicular to each of the straight lines.    
  (x - 2)/3 = (y- 3)/2 = (z +4)/4 and   (x + 1)/5 = (y- 2)/-6 = (z +3)/2.       (x - 8)/2 = (y- 9)/1 = (z +10)/-2

8) Show that the equations of the straight line passing through the point (1,-2,3) and perpendicular to the plane 2x + y + 3z= 4 is   (x - 1)/2 = (y + 2)/1 = (z -3)/3.

9) Show that the straight line   (x - 1)/-1 = (y+ 4)/3 = (z +5)/2 meets the plane 2x - 3y + 4z = 0 at the point (4/3,-5,-17/3)

10) a) Show that the distance of the point of intersection of the straight line   (x - 2)/3 = (y +1)/4 = (z -1)/2 and the plane x+ y +z= 12 from the point (-1,5,10) is 2√19 units.

b) Find the coordinates of the point in which the straight line   (x - 1)/2 = (y +1)/-1 = (z )/3 intersects the plane 3x + 2y - z= 5.     (9,-5,12)

c) Find the point where the straight line through the points (5,-2,3) and (3,0,1) pieces the xy-plane.      (2,1,0)

d) Find the coordinates of the point where the straight line x+ 3y - z= 6, y- z= 4 meets the plane 2x + 2y +z= 0.      (2,0,-4)

e) Find the points where the straight line   (x - a)/l = (y- b)/m = (z -c)/n meets the coordinates plane.      (0,b - am/l, c- an/l), (a- bl/m, 0, c- bn/m), (a- cl/n, b - cm/n, 0)

f) A straight line is drawn through the points (-6,6,-5) and (12,-6,1). Find the points in which it meets the coordinate planes.     (9,-4,0),(3,0,-2),(0,2,-3)

11a) Show that the distance of the point (3,-4,5) from the plane 2x + 5y - 6z= 0 measured along the straight line whose direction ratios are+2,-1,-2) is 12 units.

b) Find the distance of the point (1,-2,3) from the plane x- y + z= 5 measured parallel to the straight line x/2= y/3 =z/6.     7/5 units

c) Show that the distance of the point (3,8,2) from the straight line   (x - 1)/2 = (y- 3)/4 = (z -2)/3 measured parallel to the plane 3x + 2y - 2z+ 15= 0 is 7 units.

12) a) Show that the foot of the Perpendicular from the point (-1,3,2) to the plane x+ 2y + 2z -3=0 is (-5/3,5/3,2/3)

b) Show that the equations of the projection of the straight line   (x - 1)/2 = (y- 2)/-1 = (z -3)/4 on the plane x+ 2y + z= 6 are   (x - 3)/4 = (y +2)/-7 = (z -7)/10.


13) a) Are the two straight lines   (x - 2)/3 = (y- 3)/2 = (z +4)/4 and   (x + 1)/5 = (y- 2)/-6 = (z +3)/2 perpendicular to each other?      No

b) Find whether the following straight lines are mutually perpendicular 
  (x - 1)/3 = (y+ 2)/2 = (z -6)/5 and 2x + y - 3z -2=0= 3x + 2y + 5z +7.    Yes

c) Show that the straight lines x= at+ b, z= cy+ d and x= a'y + b', z= c'y + d' are at right angles, if aa' + cc' +1= 0.

14) Show that the angle between the straight line   (x - 4)/7 = (y- 1)/4 = (z +3)/4 and the plane x - 2y - 2z= 8 is sin⁻¹(1/3).

15) a) Show that the straight lines 3x + 2y - 3z +5= 0= x - 2y +z -3 and 12x - 4y - 3z +13=0 9x + 2y - 6z +3 are parallel.

b) Show that the straight line 2x + 3y - z+3=0= 3x - 2y + 2z -6 is not parallel to the z-axis.

16a) Show that the straight line x -1= y-2= (1/2)(z -3) lies on the plane 2x + 4y - 3z = 1.

b) Find the values of b and c for which the straight line   (x - 1)/2 = (y- 2)/ -1 = (z +3)/3 lies on the plane 9x + by + cz= 30.    3,-5

17a) Show that the line x - y - z+3=0 = 3x + 3y - z -15 is normal to the plane 2x - y + 3z +4=0.

b) A straight line is given by x+ y+ z= 0, x =y. Show that it is perpendicular to the plane x+ y= 2z.

18) Show that the straight line x= t -2, y= 3- 4t, z= 5t +6 is parallel to the plane x - y - z= 1.

19) a) Show that the straight line 2x + 2y - z -6=0= 2x + 3y - z -8 is parallel to a coordinate plane and find the equation of the plane normal to this straight line and passing through the point where this straight line meets the plane x= 0.     x+ 2z+4= 0 

b) Show that the equation of the plane through the origin and containing two straight lines whose direction ratios are (1,0,2) and (-1,0,5) is 10x +2y - 5z= 0.

20a) Show that the equation of the plane containing the straight line x+ y+ z-1= 0= 2x + 3y + 4z -5 and perpendicular to the plane x - y + z= 0 is x - z +2=0.

b) Find the equation of the plane which is perpendicular to the plane x+ 2y - z +1= 0 and which contains the line of intersection of the planes x+ 2y + 3z -4=0 and 2x + y + z+2=0.          x - 4y - 7z +16=0

21) Show that the equation of the straight line through the point (3,1,-6) and parallel to each of the planes x+ y + 2z -4=0 and 2x - 3y + z +5=0 are   (x - 3)/7 = (y- 1)/3 = (z +6)/-5.

b) Obtain the equations of the straight line passing through the point+2,3,5) and parallel to the intersection of the planes x+ 2y -1= 0 and 2y + 3z -5=0.      x -2= -2(y -3)= 3(z -5)

c) Find the equations of the straight line through the point (1,2,4) and perpendicular to the straight line 3x + 2y - z-4=0= x - 2y - 2z -5.        (x - 1)/-202 = (y- 2)/460 = (z -4)/439

22) a) Show that the plane containing the straight line   (x - 1)/3 = (y +6)/4 = (z +1)/2 and parallel to the straight line   (x - 1)/2 = (y- 1)/-3 = (z+4)/5 is 26x - 11y - 17z - 109= 0.

b) Show that the equation of the plane through the point+2,3,3) and parallel to the straight lines x -1= 2y -5= 2z and 3x = 4y -11= 3z -4 is x - 4y + 2z +4= 0.

23) a) Show that the plane passing through the point (-2,-2,2) and containing the straight line joining the two points (1,-1,2) and (1,1,1) is x - 3y - 6z +8=0.

b) Show that the equation of the plane through the point (0,7,-7) and containing the straight line   (x + 1)/3 = (y- 3)/-2  = (z +2)/-1 is x+ y+ z= 0

c) show that the plane through the point (α, β, γ) and the straight line x= py+ q= rz+ s is given by 
x     py+ q      rz+ s
α     pβ + q    rγ + s = 0
1       1             1

24) a) Find the equations of the Perpendicular from the point (5,9,3) to the straight line 
(x - 1)/2 = (y- 2)/3 = (z -3)/4. Also find the foot of the Perpendicular.     (x - 5)/1 = (y- 9)/1 = (z -2)/-2, (3,5,7)

b) Find the equations of the Perpendicular from the point (1,6,3) to the straight line  x + y - z + 1= 0= 2x - 7y + 4z-1. Also find the foot of the Perpendicular.    (x - 1)/0 = (y- 6)/3 = (z-3)/-2, (1,3,5)

25) a) Find the plane through the point (3,-2,1) and perpendicular to the straight line 
 2x - 5y - 2z + 6= 0= 4x + y - 17z - 109= 0.









Saturday, 7 March 2026

REVISION ALL





TRIGONOMETRY 

Compound Angle 
• An angle made up of the algebraic sum of two or more angles is called compound angle 

i) sin(A+ B)= sinA cosB + cosA sinB

ii) sin(A- B)= sinA cosB - cosA sinB

iii) cos(A+ B)= cosA cosB - sinA sinB

iv) cos(A- B)= cosA cosB + sinA sinB

v) tan(A+ B)= (tanA + tanB)/(1 - tanA tanB)

vi) tan(45+ A)= (1 + tanA)/(1 - tanA)

vii) tan(A - B)= (tanA - tanB)/(1 + tanA tanB)

viii) tan(45- A)= (1 - tanA)/(1 + tanA)

ix) cot(A+ B)= (cotA cotB -1)/(cotA+ cotB)

x) cot(A- B)= (cotA cotB +1)/(cotA- cotB)

xi) sin(A+ B) sin(A - B)= sin²A - sin²B
                                      = Cos²B - cos²A

xii) cos(A+ B) cos(A - B)= cos²A - sin²B
                                      = Cos²B - sin²A

xiii) tan(A+ B + C)= (tanA + tanB+ tanC - tanA tanB tanC)/(1 - tanA tanB - tanB tanC - tanC tanA).


MULTIPLE AND SU MULTIPLE 

1) Sin2A= 2 sinA cosA = 2 tanA/(1+ tan²A)

2) cos2A= cos²A- sin²A = 1- 2 sin²A= 2 cos²A -1= (1- tan²A/(1+ tan²A).

3) 1+ cos2A= 2 cos²A , 1- cos2A= 2 sin²A

4) tan2A= 2tanA/(1- tan²A), where A≠ (2n +1)π/4

5) sin3A = 3SinA - 4sin²A
               = 4 sin(60°-A)sin(60° +A)

6) cos3A= 4cos³A - 3 cosA
               = 4 cos(60°-A) cosA cos(60°+A)

7)  tan3A= (3tanA - tan³A)/((1- 3tan²A)
                = tan(60° -A) tanA tan(60° +A)


PRODUCT 

1) 2 sinA cosB = sin(A + B) + sin(A - B)

2) 2 coA sinB = sin(A + B) - sin(A - B)

3) 2 cosA cosB = cos(A + B)+ cos(A - B)

4) 2 sinA sinB = cos(A - B) - cos(A + B)


SUM

1) SinC + sinD= 2 sin{(C+ D)/2} cos{(C - D)/2}

2) SinC - sinD= 2 cos{(C+ D)/2} sin{(C - D)/2}

3) cosC + cosD= 2 cos{(C+ D)/2} cos{(C - D)/2}

4) cosC  - cosD= - 2 sin{(C+ D)/2} sin{(C - D)/2}

5) tanA+ tanB= sin(A+ B)/(cosA cosB)

6) tanA- tanB= sin(A- B)/(cosA cosB) where A, B ≠ np + p/2


MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM VALUE OF 

f(0)= a cosθ + b sinθ, θ ∈ R
Let a= r sinα, b = r cosα so that r= √(a²+ b²), r ∈R
Also, a cosθ + b sinθ = r(cosθ sinα+ sinθ cosα)= r sin(θ +α)
Now the maximum and minimum values of sin(θ +α) are 1 and -1 respectively 
Hence - r≤ r sin(θ +α)≤ r
=> - √(a²+ b²) ≤ a cosθ + b sinθ ≤ √(a²+ b²)
Hence the maximum value is √(a²+ b²) and minimum value is - √(a²+ b²)


Conditional Identities 
When the angels A, B, C satisfy a given relation, many interesting identities can be established connecting the trigonometric functions of these angles, In providing these identities, we require the properties of complementary and supplementary angles. For example, if A+ B+ C=π, then
• sin(B+ C)= sinA, cosB = - cos(C+ A).
• Cos(A+ B)= - cosC, sinC= sin(A+ B)
• tan(C+ A)= - tanB, cotA = - cot(B+ C)
• cos{(A+B)/2= sin(C/2), cos(C/2)= = sin{A+B)/2}
• Sin{(C+ A)/2}= cos(B/2), sun(A/2) = cos{(B+C)/2}
• tan{B+ C)/2}= cot A, tan(B/2)= cot{(C+A)/2}

Some Important Identities
If A, B, C are angles of a triangle (or A+ B+ C)=π):

• tanA + tanB + tanC= tanA tanB tanC

• cotA + cotB + cotC= tanA tanB tanC

• tan(A/2)tan(B/2) + tan(B/2)tan(C/2) + tan(C/2) tan(A/2) = 1

• cot(A/2) + cot(B/2) + cot(C/2) = cot(C/2) cor(B/2) cot(C/2).

• sin2A + sin2B + sin2C= 4 sinA sinB sinC.

• cos2A cos2B + cos2C= -1 - 4 cosA cosB cosC.

• sinA + sinB + sinC= 4 cos(A/2) cos(B/2) cos(C/2).

• cosA + cosB + cosC= 1+ 4 sin(A/2) sin(B/2) sin(C/2).


Formula for General Solutions 

• tan²θ = tan²α = θ = nπ ± α 
Where α ∈ [i.π/2), n ∈ I

• sinθ = 0<=> θ= nπ,  n ∈ I

•  cosθ = 0 <=> θ= (2n +1)ⁿπ/2, n ∈ I

• tanθ = 0 <=> θ= nπ, n ∈ I

• sinθ = 1 <=> θ= (4n +1)π/2, n ∈ I

• sinθ = -1 <=> θ= (4n -1)π/2, n ∈ I

• cosθ = 1 <=> θ= 2nπ/2, n ∈ I

• cosθ = -1 <=> θ= (2n +1)π, n ∈ I

• sinθ = sin α => θ= nπ +(-1)ⁿαα ∈ [-π/2, π/2]

• cosθ = cos α => θ= 2nπ ± α, α ∈ [0, π] n ∈ I

SALIENT POINTS 

* The general solution should be given unless the solution is required in a specified interval or range.

* While solving a trigonometric equation the equation at any steps should be avoided as far as possible. If squaring is necessary, check the solution for extraneous values.

* Never cancel terms containing unknown quantities on the two sides, which are in product. It may cause loss of genuine solution.

* The answer should not contain such values of angles, which make any of the terms undefined or infinite.

* Domain should not be changed. if it changed, necessary corrections must be incorporated.

* Check, that the denominator is not zero at any stage while solving equations.

* While solving trigonometric equations you may get same set of solution repeated in your answer. It is necessary for you to exclude these repetitions. eg., nπ+ π/2, forms a part of kπ/5 + π/10, k ∈ I the second part of second set of solution (you can check by putting k= 5m +2 (m∈ I).  Hence the final answer is kπ/5 + π/10 , k ∈ I.

* Sometimes the two solutions set consist partly of common values. In all such cases the common part must be represented only once.

Definition 
If f: A--> B is one to one and onto function and g is a rule under which for every element y ∈ B there exists and unique element x ∈ A then g : B --> A is called inverse function of f : A--> A, i.e., g= f⁻¹
So x= g(y) => x = f⁻¹(y)
So y= f(x) and x = g(y) such that then f(g(y))= y and x= g(f(x)) then f and g are said to be inverse function of each other.

* f⁻¹(x) ≠ [f(x)]⁻¹
* are sinx = sin⁻¹x
* arc sinx = 2nπ + arc sinx, n ∈ I
* Only one one onto function has an inverse function.
S.n   Function Domain  Range 
1.     sinx         x ∈ R     y ∈ [-1,1]
2.     cosx        x ∈ R     y ∈ [-1,1]
3. tanx   x ∈ R-(2n+1)π/2; n∈I  y ∈ R
4. Cotx  x ∈ R- nπ; n∈I      y ∈ R
5. cosecx   x ∈ R- nπ; n∈I   y ∈ (-∞,-1]U[1,∞)
6. secx   x ∈ R- (2n+1)π/2; n∈I y ∈ (-∞,-1]U[1,∞)

Domain, Range and Graph of Inverse Trigonometric functions 
where for the graph of take the plane mirror image of the portion of the graph on the line 

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[i.π/2), n ∈ I
= θ = nπ ± α 
 ∈



 tanA tanB tanC






 +α)α)
θ 




















3- D vectors, plane etc
• Vector have magnitude and direction denoted by bar AB whereas scalars have only magnitude. The magnitude of vector is the length of the line segment AB denoted by |AB|
Types of Vectors 
• Zero vector: Initial point and terminal point coincide as bar AA

• Unit vector: magnitude is unity as cap a

• Coinitial vectors: Vectors having same initial point as bar OA, OC, OD

• Collinear vectors: Vectors which are parallel to the same vector.   .--<-.->--> .

• Equal vectors: vectors having some magnitude and same direction     bar a= bar b.

• Nagative of a vector: vector having some magnitude but opposite direction.  bar BA= - bar AB

• Free vectors: vectors whose initial point is not specified.

Laws of vectors 
a) Addition of vectors 
i) Triangle law of Addition: AC= AB+ BC
ii) Parallelogram law of Addition: OP+ OQ= OR

Properties of Addition of vectors 
i) a+ b = b+ a (cumulative)

ii) a+ (b + c)= (a+ b)+ c (Associative)

iii) a+ 0= a.       (Additive identity)

iv) a+ (-a)= 0 (additive inverse)

Multiplication of a vector by a scalar
• Let a be a vector and m a scalar, then ma is multiplication of vector a by scalar m.
|ma|= |m| a

Properties Multiplication of a vector by a scalar
i) m(-a)= -(ma)
ii) -m)(-a)= ma
iii) m(na)= (nm)a
iv) (m+ n)a= ma+ na
v) m(a+ b)= ma+ nb

• Two vectors a and b are colllinear or parallel iff a= mb for some nonzero scalar m.

position vector Position vector of a point P(x,y,z) is given as bar OP= xi + yj + zk aits magnitude as |OP|= √(x²+ y²+ z²), where O is the origin.

Components of a vector in Two dimension
If a point P in a plane has coordinates (x,y) then 
i) OP= xi + yj
ii) |OP|= √(x²+ y²)
iii) The component of OP along x-axis is a vector xi, whose magnitude is |x| and whose direction is along OX or OX' according as x is positive or negative.

Intercept form of the equation of a plane 
x/a + y/b + z/c= 1

Equation of the plane passing through the intersection of two given planes
i) Vector form: r: (a₁ + λa₂) = d₁ + λd₂
ii) Cartesian form: (a₁x+ b₁y + c₁z - d₁) + λ(a₁x + b₁y + c₁z - d₂)= 0

Coplanarity of two vectors 
i) Vector form: (a₂ - a₁). (b₁ x b₂)= 0
ii) Cartesian form:
|x₂ - x₁     y₂ - y₁      z₂ - z₁
    a₁           b₁            c₁     =0
    a₂           b₂            c₂

Angle between two planes 
i) Vector form: cosθ= |(a₁. a₂)/+|n₁| |n₂|)|
ii) Cartesian form: 
cosθ=|(a₁a₂ + b₁b₂ + c₁c₂)/√(a₁²+ b₁²+ c₁²)√(a₂² + b₂²+ c₂²)|

Distance of a plane from a plane 
i) Vector form: |(a.N - d)|/|N| , where N is normal to the plane.
ii) Cartesian form: |(ax₁+ by₁ + cz₁- d)/√(a²+ b² + c²)|

Angle between a line and a plane 
i) Vector form:
φ = sin⁻¹|(b.n)/(|b| |n||


SAP- 1

Very short Type (1)

1) Find the equation of lines parallel to y-axis and passing through origin.    x/0= y/1= z/0

2) Show that the vector 3i + 5j + 2k, 2i - 3j - 5k and 5i+ 2j - 3k form the sides of an equilateral triangle.

3) Find the area of the parallelogram determined by the vector i + 2j + 3k and 3i - 2j + k.    8√3 square. units 

4) Direction ratioa of a line are 1,-2,3, find the direction cosines.     1.√14,-2/√14,3/√14

5) Write the vector equation of (x+5)/3 = (y -4)/2= (6- z)/2.      r= -5i+ 4j + 6k + λ(3i  + 2j - 3k)

Short Answer type (4)

6) Find the equation of plane containing the lines of intersection of the planes x+ y + z -6=0 and 2x + 3y + 4z +5=0 and passing through (1,1,1).        20x + 23y + 26z - 69=0

7) In ∆ OAB, E is the midpoint of OB and D is a point on AB such that AD: DB= 2:1. If OD AE intersect at P, determine the ratio OP: PD using vector methods.     3:2

8) Given three points whose position vectors are xi + yj + zk, i+ zj and - i - j. Find the condition for the point to be Collinear.        x - 2y = 1

9) If a,b,c are three non zero vectors such that a x b = c are b x c = a, show that a,b,c are mutually at right angles and |b|= 1 and |c|= |a|.

10) ABCD is a quadrilateral such that AB= b, AD= d, AC = mb + pd. Show that the area of the quadrilateral ABCD is (1/2) |m+ p| |b x d|.

11) Find the direction cosines of the two lines which are connected by the relations l - 5m + 3n=0 and 7l²+ 5m²- 3n²=0.     ±1.√14,-±2/√14,±3/√14 and ±1/√6, ±1/√6, ±2/√6

12) Show that the lines (x -1)/3= (y +1)/2 = (z -1)/5 and (x +2)/4 = (y -1)/3 = (z +1)/-2 do not intersect.

13) Show that the line x= ay + b, z= cy+ d and x= a'y + B', z= c'y + d' are perpendicular if aa' + cc' + 1=0

14) Find the angle between the lines 
x - 2y + z= 0= x + 2y - 2z and x + 2y + z= 0= 3x + 9y + 5z.       cos⁻¹(8/√406)

15) Find the equation of the plane through the points (1,0,-1), (3,2,2) and parallel to the line (x -1)/1 = (y +1)/-2 = (z -2)/3.       4x - y - 2z -6=0

Long Answer type (6)

16) Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (-1,2,1) and perpendicular to the line joining the points (-3,1,2) and (2,3,4). Find also the perpendicular distance of the origin from this plane.         r.(5i+ 2j + 2k)= 1,     1/√33

17) Find the shortest distance between the lines whose vector equation are
r= (i + 2j + 3k) + λ(2i + 3j + 4k) and r= (2i + 4j + 5k) + μ(4i + 6j + 8k)..    √5/√29

18) Find the distance of the point P(i + j + k) from the plane through the point A(2i + j + k), B(i + 2j + k) and C(i + j + 2k). Also, find the position vector of the foot of perpendicular from P on this plane.      1/√3, (4/3) (i + j + k)

19) Show (x +1)/3= (y +3)/5 = (z +5)/7 and (x -2)/1 = (y -4)/4 = (z -6)/7 are coplanar. Also, find the plane containing these two lines.

20) Find the image of the point (3,1,2) in the plane 2x - y + z= 4.        (1,2,1)